Start with definitions and intent, then connect each requirement to a program element such as governance, risk, controls, or operations. Keep scope and evidence in mind as you interpret.
Interpreting NIS 2 requirements at Foundation level is about building a consistent reading method. The first step is to start from definitions. Many misunderstandings come from using everyday meanings for terms that have a specific regulatory intent. A disciplined approach begins by clarifying what the directive means and ensuring the team uses the same language.
The second step is to identify intent. A requirement usually exists to reduce risk, increase resilience, or standardize expectations across entities. Understanding intent prevents overly narrow interpretations that focus on a single control while missing the broader program expectation.
Next, connect the requirement to a cybersecurity program element. At Foundation level, a practical taxonomy includes governance, asset and risk thinking, security controls, incident and crisis readiness, communication and awareness, and performance monitoring. Placing a requirement into one of these areas helps you determine which teams are involved and what types of deliverables are expected.
Scope is critical. Interpretation must consider organizational context: which services and systems are in scope, what dependencies exist, and what constitutes a critical impact. Even in a Foundation course, the habit of documenting scope assumptions is important because it shapes future implementation decisions.
Finally, think about evidence. Requirements are not only “done” when a document exists; they are “done” when an organization can show the requirement is implemented and maintained. Evidence can include policies, procedures, training records, test results, and operational logs. Practicing interpretation through case exercises helps develop this habit and prepares participants for the exam, which evaluates reasoning patterns rather than deep technical detail.
Teams tend to interpret requirements as single artifacts: one policy, one control, one checklist. This is rarely sufficient. A more reliable method is to ask what operating behavior the requirement expects and how that behavior is proven. This mindset improves both compliance and operational maturity.
Case study work is valuable because it forces explicit assumptions. When assumptions remain implicit, teams disagree later. When they are made explicit, alignment becomes easier and the program becomes easier to manage.
“Interpretation is a method: definitions, intent, scope, and evidence.”
Expert Trainer
Expert Trainer
The Foundation course introduces NIS 2 concepts, definitions, and the main requirements. It focuses on how to interpret requirements and recognize common implementation approaches.
At Foundation level, approaches focus on scoping, governance, and mapping requirements to program components. The aim is to recognize practical techniques used to implement NIS 2 obligations.
Start with scope and context, then establish governance and an implementation plan. Build an initial baseline across assets, risks, and current controls to prioritize work.
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