What does a GDPR Data Protection Officer do in practice?

A GDPR Data Protection Officer advises the organization on GDPR obligations and monitors how well those obligations are met. The role also involves coordinating with leadership and working with the supervisory authority when required.

The Data Protection Officer (DPO) role is designed to provide ongoing oversight of personal data protection obligations under the GDPR. In practice, a DPO works across multiple functions, because compliance depends on how data is collected, used, secured, shared, and retained in daily operations.

A key part of the job is advisory. The DPO helps teams interpret GDPR requirements for specific processing activities, translates legal requirements into practical controls, and clarifies accountability. This includes shaping data protection policies, supporting the organization in keeping a register of processing activities, and ensuring that decisions about lawful processing and risk are recorded in a way that can be demonstrated later.

The DPO also performs monitoring. That means checking whether policies and controls are implemented as intended, reviewing evidence, and tracking corrective actions when issues are found. Monitoring extends to how incidents and personal data breaches are handled, how training and awareness are delivered, and whether documentation is maintained consistently.

For higher-risk processing, the DPO supports the organization with data protection impact assessments (DPIAs). That includes helping teams identify risks, documenting mitigation actions, and reviewing whether the planned controls align with the GDPR requirements and the organization’s risk profile.

Finally, the DPO’s work intersects with governance. The role involves communicating with top management, providing clear status reporting, and cooperating with the supervisory authority where applicable. The goal is not paperwork for its own sake, but a repeatable compliance program that can be monitored, measured, and improved over time.

Related Information

  • A DPO supports a GDPR compliance program across policy, records, and monitoring.
  • DPIAs are used to assess and document higher-risk processing decisions.
  • Breach handling includes response steps and documentation for accountability.
  • Internal checks help verify whether controls and documentation match requirements.
  • Cooperation with the supervisory authority may be part of the role depending on the situation.

Expert Insight

Most DPO failures are operational, not theoretical. Teams often understand the GDPR at a high level but struggle to connect requirements to processing realities: where data flows, what controls exist, and what evidence is retained. A practical DPO focuses on three things: mapping processing activities, defining what “good” looks like for controls, and establishing a monitoring rhythm that produces evidence.

When you treat the register of processing activities, DPIAs, incident handling, and internal checks as parts of one system, the role becomes manageable. The DPO can then provide leadership with a clear view of risk, gaps, and remediation progress rather than one-off advice that never turns into actions.

A DPO role is defined by advisory work and continuous monitoring.

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Topics

GDPRData Protection Officercompliance programDPIArecords of processingincident managementgovernanceaudit readiness

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